Journal: Cell Death & Disease
Article Title: Temozolomide promotes glioblastoma stemness expression through senescence-associated reprogramming via HIF1α/HIF2α regulation
doi: 10.1038/s41419-025-07617-w
Figure Lengend Snippet: A GSEA analysis indicated upregulation of senescence-associated hallmarks and inhibition of growth-promoting pathways. B The heatmap of U87 overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with SASP at the mRNA level revealed upregulation of most DEGs, including IL6, IL7, CXCL3, CXCL2, ICAM1, CCL2, CCL3, MMP7, and TIMP1. Conversely, senescence-inhibiting genes such as CDC25B, CDC25C, CDC25A, CDKN2D, MSH6, and MSH5 were downregulated. C RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated significant time-dependent increases in the expression of senescence-promoting genes, including IL1a, IL1b, IL6, IL8, CCL2, CDKN1A, CDKN2B, P53, and CXCL3, while the expression of the senescence-inhibiting gene MSH2 decreased significantly. D Mass spectrometry revealed high expression of senescence-promoting SASP proteins, including ITGA4, MMP15, FN1, IGFB3, and FAS, with a concomitant decrease in senescence-suppressing SASP proteins, MSH2 and MSH6. E ELISA confirmed increased expression of IL1a, IL6, and IL8 in a time-dependent manner following TMZ treatment. F SA-β-Gal staining revealed a significant time-dependent increase in β-Gal-positive cells, and the rate of β-Gal positivity was lower in aggregation cells compared to control cells under TMZ treatment. G C 12 FDG expression increased approximately threefold after one week of TMZ treatment in CD133 − CD15 − GBM cells, with lower levels of expression in aggregation cells under equivalent TMZ concentrations. H C 12 FDG-negative and -positive cells were cultured under TMZ for 21 days, showing significantly higher levels of CD133 and CD15 in C 12 FDG-positive cells over time, while CD133 and CD15 expression was not significant difference in C 12 FDG-negative cells. * P < 0.05 and # P > 0.05 were determined using Student’s t -test.
Article Snippet: These cells were incubated with polyclonal rabbit anti-human CD133 + IgGs (Miltenyi Biotech, Germany) at 4 °C for 15 min, washed with PBS containing 1% BSA, and resuspended in PBSE (108 cells/300 μl).
Techniques: Inhibition, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Mass Spectrometry, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Staining, Control, Cell Culture